An article by S Guillet et al in this month’s Nature Geoscience relates an interval of global climate cooling to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257.

The Indonesian island of Lombok remains from that eruption:

In Europe that year, text and illustrations from the Annals of Speyer record the bad weather and harvest. Grapes and other fruit were unavailable. The dark winter was even given a proper name by peasants: the munkeliar –

There was smoke and heavy cloud elsewhere and it is now thought that the event may have triggered the Little Ice Age starting in the early fourteenth century: